Marco Polo

Marco Polo was no uncertainty one of the most persuasive travelers on the planet. His stories of the East opened the psyches of the Europeans, and his stories were an impetus for the Age of Exploration in Europe. His impact on topographical investigation was essential to such an extent that numerous years after the fact Christopher Columbus utilized Marco Polo’s book on his journey to the New World. Marco Polo’s book, The Travels of Marco Polo, was broadly distributed and a huge number of duplicates were imprinted in various dialects. In any case, numerous doubters accept that Marco Polo never really set foot in China, yet utilized different traveler’s records of China as his own.Despite Marco Polo’s tremendous impact on Europe, the bogus and fiercely overstated cases and the measure of Chinese Culture he neglected to make reference to in his book made it apparent that Marco Polo was actually a cheat and never truly made it to China. Students of history ha ve addressed Marco Polo’s validity with his numerous questionable cases in his book, proposing that he likewise manufactured his anecdote about going to China. One bogus case Marco Polo made was that he helped Kublai Khan as a military counselor during the attack of Hsyiang-Yang.According to records, the Chinese attack finished on January 1273, which was two years before Marco Polo really got to northern China. Another dubious case Marco Polo made was that he was the legislative leader of Yangzhou, and filled in as a minister under Kublai Khan. However regardless of his high-positioning positions, his name doesn't show up in any of the Chinese records. Students of history have contended that Marco Polo’s distributer, Rusticello, may have misrepresented his accounts to make it all the more intriguing, yet that just besides questions the believability of Marco Polo’s book.If Marco Polo and Rusticello overstated and lied about such a large number of things, they ma y have lied or overstated about Marco Polo in any event, going to China. Notwithstanding his sketchy cases, Marco Polo additionally neglects to specify significant parts of thirteenth century Chinese life and culture. Marco Polo additionally excludes numerous significant parts of Chinese life and culture from his book, The Travels of Marco Polo , which would have been difficult to forget about as an European in the event that he truly set foot in China. Marco Polo guaranteed that he spent numerous years going around China, filling in as â€Å"The Eyes† of Kublai Khan.Yet during the time he spent voyaging South China, he neglects to make reference to anything at all about tea drinking, which was mainstream in southern China during Polo’s time. He likewise neglects to specify the authoritative of a woman’s feet, which would have entranced the Europeans because of how unusual and distinctive it was. This raises doubt, since Marco Polo strikingly depicts different p arts of Chinese culture and existence with so much detail; yet he neglects to make reference to a tiny smidgen about tea drinking and feet authoritative, emphatically demonstrating that he just obtained portrayals from other travelers.Other parts of Chinese Culture and life he precluded from his book were the utilization of chopsticks, Chinese composition, Chinese books and printing, and porcelain; exceptionally significant parts of Chinese life and culture. Be that as it may, the most disturbing thing Marco Polo neglected to specify was the Great Wall of China. Despite the fact that a few students of history may contend it was destroyed during this timeframe, it despite everything remained China’s most noteworthy structural accomplishment, and shouldn’t have been passed up a major opportunity from Marco Polo’s book if Marco Polo really went to China.Marco Polo may have passed up numerous parts of Chinese culture and life, however his book never stopped to stun the Europeans from the second it was distributed. Marco Polo’s book recounted a land toward the east never known to the Europeans, and opened up the Europeans’ medieval personalities whether those records of China really had a place with him. From the outset, Europeans discovered his stories difficult to accept, yet as opposed to dismissing Marco Polo’s stories, they held onto it as a sentimental fantasy.Nonetheless, The Travels of Marco Polo became Europe’s most generally read book, because of the intriguing and nitty gritty portrayals of Kublai Khan’s riches and his sublime domain. His portrayals of China was that of a nation with flourishing towns, and with urban areas far more extravagant than wherever in Europe as far as merchandise, administrations and innovation. Marco Polo might not have included everything about Chinese culture, yet he despite everything figured out how to flabbergast the Europeans with depictions of paper cash, simultaneo usly acquainting Europe with coal, a substance they had never known about before.Marco Polo may have opened up the psyches of European and his accounts may have been a significant reason for the Age of Exploration, yet at long last proof demonstrates that he was simply a valuable â€Å"recorder of Information†, as regarded by Frances Wood, Marco Polo’s No. 1 pundit. In spite of Marco Polo’s book about China, which intrigued perusers all around Europe, the measure of bogus and questionable cases in Marco Polo’s book joined with the measure of significant parts of Chinese life and culture precluded from the book emphatically demonstrates that Marco Polo was not a solid source and never truly set foot in China.His bogus articulations and wild embellishments in his book have made antiquarians question his validity, and the measure of oversights in Marco Polo’s book are just too extraordinary to even think about confirming that he truly set foot in Chin a. Regardless, Marco Polo was a tremendous impact to Europe, regardless of whether his stories were manufactured from different voyagers, and stays one of the most popular travelers right up 'til the present time. Marco Polo Marco Polo was no uncertainty one of the most persuasive adventurers on the planet. His stories of the East opened the psyches of the Europeans, and his stories were an impetus for the Age of Exploration in Europe. His effect on land investigation was vital to the point that numerous years after the fact Christopher Columbus utilized Marco Polo’s book on his journey to the New World. Marco Polo’s book, The Travels of Marco Polo, was broadly distributed and a huge number of duplicates were imprinted in various dialects. In any case, numerous doubters accept that Marco Polo never really set foot in China, yet utilized different traveler’s records of China as his own.Despite Marco Polo’s tremendous impact on Europe, the bogus and uncontrollably overstated cases and the measure of Chinese Culture he neglected to make reference to in his book made it apparent that Marco Polo was actually a fake and never truly made it to China. History specialists have addresse d Marco Polo’s believability with his numerous questionable cases in his book, recommending that he likewise created his anecdote about going to China. One bogus case Marco Polo made was that he helped Kublai Khan as a military consultant during the attack of Hsyiang-Yang.According to records, the Chinese attack finished on January 1273, which was two years before Marco Polo really got to northern China. Another far fetched guarantee Marco Polo made was that he was the legislative head of Yangzhou, and filled in as an envoy under Kublai Khan. However in spite of his high-positioning positions, his name doesn't show up in any of the Chinese records. Students of history have contended that Marco Polo’s distributer, Rusticello, may have overstated his accounts to make it additionally fascinating, however that just besides questions the believability of Marco Polo’s book.If Marco Polo and Rusticello misrepresented and lied about such a significant number of things, they may have lied or misrepresented about Marco Polo in any event, going to China. Notwithstanding his faulty cases, Marco Polo likewise neglects to make reference to significant parts of thirteenth century Chinese life and culture. Marco Polo likewise precludes numerous significant parts of Chinese life and culture from his book, The Travels of Marco Polo , which would have been difficult to forget about as an European in the event that he truly set foot in China. Marco Polo guaranteed that he spent numerous years going around China, filling in as â€Å"The Eyes† of Kublai Khan.Yet during the time he spent voyaging South China, he neglects to make reference to anything at all about tea drinking, which was famous in southern China during Polo’s time. He likewise neglects to specify the official of a woman’s feet, which would have interested the Europeans because of how abnormal and distinctive it was. This raises doubt, since Marco Polo strikingly portrays diff erent parts of Chinese culture and existence with so much detail; yet he neglects to make reference to a tiny smidgen about tea drinking and feet official, unequivocally demonstrating that he just acquired portrayals from other travelers.Other parts of Chinese Culture and life he discarded from his book were the utilization of chopsticks, Chinese composition, Chinese books and printing, and porcelain; exceedingly significant parts of Chinese life and culture. Be that as it may, the most disturbing thing Marco Polo neglected to make reference to was the Great Wall of China. In spite of the fact that a few history specialists may contend it was shredded during this timeframe, it despite everything remained China’s most prominent engineering accomplishment, and shouldn’t have been passed up a great opportunity from Marco Polo’s book if Marco Polo really went to China.Marco Polo may have passed up numerous parts of Chinese culture and life, yet his book never stoppe d to astonish the Europeans from the second it was distributed. Marco Polo’s book recounted a land toward the east never known to the Europeans, and opened up the Europeans’ medieval personalities whether those records of China really had a place with him. From the outset, Europeans discovered his stories difficult to accept, yet as opposed to dismissing Marco Polo’s stories, they held onto it as a sentimental fantasy.Nonetheless, The Travels of Marco Polo became Europe’s most broadly read book, because of the intriguing and itemized portrayals of Kublai Khan’s riches and his superb realm. His portrayals of China was that of a nation with flourishing towns, and with urban communities far more extravagant than wherever in Europe regarding g

Youth Feedback for Youth Problems Essay Example for Free

Youth Feedback for Youth Problems Essay In spite of guideline, underage understudies in schools around the country think that its simple to expend liquor and are probably going to hit the bottle hard. What are the suggestions? What is the job of formal control? Maybe the most ideal approach to address these inquiries is to present them to the youthful network developers who might know about the most ideal approaches to help their companions that are participating in damaging practices (Finn Checkoway, 1998). Hitting the bottle hard and medicate use are basic among youthful grown-ups, including understudies. In actuality, youngsters are likewise confronting critical outcomes of substance maltreatment with falling evaluations, tipsy driving mishaps, inappropriate behavior, and savagery. Obviously, society sees this as a major issue, and analysts are attempting to comprehend substance maltreatment among youthful grown-ups before they can want to give assistance to the people concerned. This exertion with respect to analysts depends on the reason that we can't take care of an issue before we comprehend the idea of the issue. Here enters the significance of the youthful network manufacturers: they can without much of a stretch disclose to social specialists the idea of the issues looked by their young companions. By understanding the issues inside and out, social government assistance laborers might just wind up in the situation to uncover them. Youthful people group manufacturers must, in this manner, be viewed as a network asset that social government assistance laborers should utilize. Youngsters are not just ready to more readily comprehend the issues of the adolescent, however they are likewise ready to propose arrangements. Moreover, these youthful aides can help social government assistance associations focus on the genuine needs of the young by giving vital data that would in the long run advantage all individuals. References Finn, J. L. , Checkoway, B. (1998). Youngsters as Competent Community Builders: A Challenge to Social Work. National Association of Social Workers, Inc.

When Do I Send My Deferral Package  TKG

When Do I Send My Deferral Package   Getting a deferral is not ideal. But it’s also not game over. We’re sorry in advance for the corny sports analogy, but sometimes, you just need to take a Rudy approach to life and give it the old college try.  If your coach benches you, the last thing you want to do is accept defeat. The moment you are sidelined is the moment to give it everything you’ve got. Train harder than you’ve ever trained, keep up the drills, and get back on that high-protein diet. In this post, we talk about what you can do to stay in the game and how to make sure your timing is on point. Getting Zen If you receive a deferral from your ED school, do not panic. In fact, you should probably take a moment to center yourself. You worked incredibly hard to get here. Remember, nothing has changed. You still have the good scores, the grades, and the essays, and all of those elements will be crucial for what comes next. You’re just going into overtime and need to keep it all going for a little longer. So, before you enter into the final push, grab some Gatorade and get ready to fight. ConsiderA good athlete might remind themselves that they really do want to win. Consider whether or not you still want your ED school. If you don’t, that’s ok. You can focus on putting out killer regular decision applications. If you do, get ready to pound some pavement. But one other tip to note: at this point, you should start psyching yourself up about your other schools. Your odds of getting into your ED school have diminished. That’s reality.  It will be easier in the long run if you accept that you may end up at one of your other choices, and decide that it will be great no matter what. Choose Your Timing  A deferral package basically reiterates an applicant’s affinity for their ED school, and also updates a school on anything that has happened since they applied in November. You want the regular decision deadline to have passed before considering sending a deferral package. That way, t he admissions committee will have a chance to really consider what you’ve sent instead of comparing it against a heap of regular decision applications. But waiting to send your deferral package also gives you the chance to compile everything you need to put in your package. The optimal time to send it is late January, early February.  But FirstBefore you do that…finish all of your regular decision applications. Revamp your Common App essay. Do what you need to do to reassure yourself that you have plenty of options. We work with a lot of kids who get deferred and want some extra help reviewing their application for kinks. It really does require looking everything over with a fine-toothed comb. Be disciplined, and make sure your basics are solid.  Develop a Package A handful of students get in after being deferred. What sets them apart is not something that was already in their application, but rather, what they’ve accomplished between the deferral and the time they send thei r deferral package. Don’t lie and say you’ve done something in your extra-curriculars that you haven’t, but do tell a school that you kept going (if you did) and stayed committed. Secure another great letter of recommendation and put that into your package, too.  Above all else, schools also want to see that you stayed persistent in class. Senioritis is tempting, but you have to hustle until you’re sure you’ve reached the end zone.   Make sure your grades are stellar and give them a hail Mary to really consider.  A lot of kids panic about getting deferred. Set yourself apart and consult an expert in how to deliver in the 11th hour. Reach out to us.

Miles Davis Jazz Music - 912 Words

For many jazz followers and musicians, Miles Davis represents one of the most prominent icons of jazz music. One can honestly say that Miles Davis is a true representation of what jazz music is. One of the greatest jazz musicians of all times, as recognized by many great players, also became one of the most prominent bandleaders; proved by his many successful groups and recordings. Miles always surrounded himself with great musicians that, in one way or another, were jazz icons themselves. After an incredibly discography of traditional jazz music, Miles decided to explore the electric jazz-fusion sound. When we talk about combining the words music and electric, there is no better instrument that comes to mind than the electric guitar; a symbol of the electric sound. When it comes to guitarists, once again, Miles recruited the bests in town, from John McLaughlin to Mike Stern, Pete Cosey and John Scofield, they all were at the top of their games when recruited by Miles. While playing with Miles, some of these amazing guitar players went above and beyond their usual role. Their contributions were exceptionally well received by Miles, giving them the freedom to incorporate their own musical styles, ideas, sounds and even their musical compositions to the group. Following is a list of the guitar players that worked for Miles Davis. The list will include details in the categories of: description of their tenure, recordings or albums they were part of, what they, asShow MoreRelatedMiles Davis And The Jazz Music931 Words   |  4 Pagesartists around the world and Miles Davis is considered one of the finest in the jazz genre. As one of the greatest jazz musicians ever, he instrumental in developing new forms of music such as jazz fusion. Like many famous twentieth century composers and artists, Davis grappled throughout his career with drug abuse, however, his music is still inspirational today and will impact and influence future generations and push them to thei r creative boundaries. Miles Dewey Davis III was born in Alton, IllinoisRead MoreMusic And Its Influence On Music1590 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Music is a very telling form of expression. Whether it is the lyrics themselves, the tone in which they’re said or the rhythm of the music, there are many methods in which music expresses the artist’s opinion to his audience. The introduction of new methods of expression in music by tinkering with old methods are how new musical ideas are discovered. In the past, Miles Davis’ explorations into jazz fusion and modal jazz music pushed the envelope. Now, Kanye West’s explorationsRead MoreMiles Davis Essay1141 Words   |  5 PagesJon Davis Perspectives in American Jazz Ben Martinson December 10, 2009 Miles Davis: The Last Pioneer in American Jazz Miles Davis represents the pinnacle of modern American Jazz. He was one of the foremost pioneers in the inventions of cool jazz, hard bop, free jazz, fusion and techno. He was, arguably one of the most influential figures in music, pushing the boundaries of what was commonly known as jazz into new directions that most people thought was impossible. Davis was bornRead MoreMr. Davis, An Inspirational Jazz Musician That Paved The World Of Music877 Words   |  4 PagesCountless awards for best Trumpet player, countless Grammy awards Best Jazz performance; with all these awards, you would think Miles Davis is considered a legendary icon and one of the greatest things to happen to the music industry. Mr. Davis and his team were setting revolutionizing the world of music. Mr. Davis was an inspirational jazz musician that paved the way for future musicians and artists. Miles Dewey Davis was born on May 26, 1926 in the great state of Illinois. The 20th centuryRead MoreMiles Davis s Jazz Society1295 Words   |  6 PagesHow do people discover Miles Davis in jazz society ? Miles Davis was born in Alton, Illinois, in May 25, 1926. Miles Davis has one brother and one sister. In his earlier life. Miles’s family decided to moved to East St. Louis, Illinois, Davis s father became a fortunate dentist at the age when miles was still a child. When he starting growing up at the 13 his father gave him a trumpet that could enjoy Miles’s life in activities in school music, and in a couple week Miles decided to become a alliedRead MoreThe Most Popular Instrument of All Time: The Trumpet Essay892 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history, music has changed. One instrument has been able to stand the testament of time. Many instruments have had their time, but faded away. The trumpet has survived them all. It is probably the most popular instrumen t of all time. With talented musicians like Louis Armstrong and Miles Davis, the trumpet has been able to endure. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the careers of Armstrong and Davis, and how the trumpet became their way into Jazz. Louis Armstrong was born onRead More Biography Of Miles Davis Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesBiography of Miles Davis Born on May 26, 1926, Miles Davis is considered to be one of the most influential jazz musicians in history. Being a trumpeter, keyboardist, composer, and band-leader, Miles is responsible for the popularization of many styles of jazz throughout his long and prolific career. Miles Dewey Davis was born into a well-to-do family in the town of Alton, Illinois. The family owned a largeRead MoreEssay about Miles Davis1689 Words   |  7 PagesElectric Miles Davis Born in Alton, Illinois, Miles Davis grew up in a middle-class family in East St. Louis. Miles Davis took up the trumpet at the age of 13 and was playing professionally two years later. Some of his first gigs included performances with his high school bandand playing with Eddie Randall and the blue Devils. Miles Davis has said that the greatest musical experience of his life was hearing the Billy Eckstine orchestra when it passed through St. Louis. In September 1944 Davis went toRead MoreComparative Analysis : The Great Miles Davis1549 Words   |  7 PagesComparative Analysis Throughout Jazz history there has never been an artist that it has changed the sound of jazz several times. He challenged himself and encouraged others to go on diverse paths to create sounds and rhythmic patterns. This distinct musical innovator that influenced jazz beyond its limits is the great Miles Davis. Davis was born on May 25, 1926, in Alton, Illinois. But, he grew up in East St. Louis, Illinois. His father was dental surgeon, therefore they never had any financialRead MoreMiles Davis Essay1364 Words   |  6 PagesMiles Davis: The music’s right but the approach is wrong. Music listeners everywhere have heard at least a smidgen of the music from â€Å"the prince of darkness†. Although Miles Davis, dubbed the â€Å"most revered jazz trumpeter of all time, not to mention one of the most important musicians of the 20th century† by Rolling Stone Magazine and known as the birth of cool, attitudes and behaviors we never truly kind and the man was notoriously known as a jerk, his music was of great importance to the jazz

Dust in The Great Gatsby Essay - 832 Words

In the novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald incorporates many different themes, but the most prevalent message is that of the impossibility of the American Dream. Fitzgerald writes of two types of people: those who appear to have the ideal life and those who are still trying to achieve their dreams. Tom and Daisy are two characters who seem to have it all: a nice house, a loving spouse, a beautiful child, and plenty of money (Fitzgerald 6; ch. 1). However, neither of them is happy, and both end up having affairs. Their lovers, Gatsby and Mrs. Wilson, are two examples of characters who are still trying to attain the perfect life. By the end of the novel, the hopes of both Gatsby and Mrs. Wilson have been dashed and they have†¦show more content†¦The other car, the one going toward New York, came to a rest a hundred yards beyond, and its driver hurried back to where Myrtle Wilson, her life violently extinguished, knelt in the road and mingled her dark thick blood with the dust (138; ch. 7). Dust is again used, this time to insinuate the lost dreams of a common woman. Fitzgerald also uses this symbol when he writes of Gatsbys vanquished hopes. Gatsby was a man who had fulfilled most of his dreams. He had a large house, lots of money, and he mingled with the rich and famous, but he still had one thing that he needed to make him happy (50; ch. 3). Gatsby had achieved all that he had for one purpose: to win the woman that he loved, Daisy (79; ch. 4). Gatsby finally had realized his dreams for a short while, when Daisy told him that she loved him (116; ch. 7). However, this perfection didnt last very long. Daisy soon went back to Tom, and Gatsbys visions of his ideal life were destroyed. When Nick visits Gatsbys house after Daisy had gone back to Tom, he noticed that there was an inexplicable amount of dust everywhere (147, ch. 8). This dust was what remained of Gatsbys obliterated fantasies. Fitzgerald foreshadows the end of Gatsbys hopes in the very beginning of the novel also by talking about dust. It is what preyed on Gatsby, what foul dust floated in the wake of his dreamsShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Dust Jacket of The Great Gatsby723 Words   |  3 PagesThe Dust Jacket of The Great Gatsby The dust jacket of The Great Gatsby has an extremely complex yet influential relationship to its text as well as its author. Francis Cugat, the artist of the cover, developed the painting through a series of ten sketches[1]. In each sketch he develops a new element of the painting which indicates the level of complexity in the final work. Interestingly, Fitzgerald never mentions the artist’s name in his correspondents with his editor Maxwell Perkins[2]Read MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald980 Words   |  4 Pages Covered in Ash By: Kaleigh O’Brien Clouds of dust linger. A hand placed straight outward, and nothing is visible. The atmosphere is gray, and darkness closes in. Take one step forward and an object appears. It is a body. Three bodies piled on top of each other, biodegrading, to be exact. They turn completely into dust, leaving only a pile of ashes and many questions’. Who are they? Where did they come from? Why are they here? What did they have in common? All these questions have an answer. ItRead More The Search for Utopia in The Great Gatsby Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pages   Ã‚  In Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, the reader discovers multiple interpretations of utopia. Each character is longing for one particular paradise. Only one character actually reaches utopia, and the arrival is a mixed blessing at best. The concept of paradise in The Great Gatsby is â€Å"a shifting, evanescent illusion of happiness, joy, love, and perfection, a mirage that leads each character to reach deeper, look harder, strive farther†(Lehan, 57). All the while, time pulls each individualRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1577 Words   |  7 Pagesthemes such as the novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby. In this novel, the character and the narrator Nick Carraway describes the mystery and puzzles of his past neighbor, and also the main character, Jay Gatsby. Gatsby is a multimillion tycoon who is madly in love with Daisy Buchanan, an amazing, upper-class woman with whom he had been together with, years prior. She is now ma rried to a man named Tom Buchanan. Gatsby dedicates his whole life to picking up money and status to satisfyRead MoreIllusion and Reality in The Great Gatsby Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagesand Reality in The Great Gatsby  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a novel about one mans disenchantment with the American dream. In the story we get a glimpse into the life of Jay Gatsby, a man who aspired to achieve a position among the American rich to win the heart of his true love, Daisy Fay. Gatsbys downfall was in the fact that he was unable to determine that concealed boundary between reality and illusion in his life.      The Great Gatsby is a tightly structuredRead MoreThe Colors of Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgeralds Famous Novel1640 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel, The Great Gatsby. With his well-chosen words, Fitzgerald painted a fantastic portrait of life during the Roaring Twenties in the minds of his readers, a picture rich with color and excitement. Four colors: green, gold, white, and gray played key roles in the symbolic demonstration of ideas and feelings which, woven together seamlessly, made The Great Gatsby a world-renowned work of literary genius. Some of the most well-known and intriguing symbolic imagery in The Great Gatsby comes fromRead MoreThe Damage Of The American Dream Character Analysis752 Words   |  4 PagesThe Damage of the American Dream The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, wonderfully shows how the values of characters in the novel set the time period of the 1920s. The major characters in the story has clear motives and values which helps the reader understand high society before The Great Depression, and give a clear indication that the theme of the book is a twisted view of the American Dream. Nick Carraway is the first persona we are introduced to and arguably the most important; as he isRead MoreThe Great Gatsby - Eden Imagery Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesIn the Great Gatsby, each character is longing for one particular paradise. Only one character actually reaches utopia, and the arrival is a mixed blessing at best. The concept of paradise in The Great Gatsby is a shifting, fleeting illusion of happiness, joy, love, and perfection, a mirage that leads each character to reach deeper, look harder, strive farther. There is Myrtle Wilsons gaudy, flashy hotel paradise in which she can pretend that she is glamorous, elite, wanted and loved. She clingsRead MoreEssay on The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald907 Words   |  4 PagesThe word â€Å"great† has many meanings – outstanding, eminent, grand, important, extraordinary, and noble – that vary with the intent of the speaker and the interpretation of the listener. Someone may perceive something as great, while someone else may consider that same thing horrendous. The greatness of a being is not determined by the individual, but by those around them who experience and perceive their greatness through actions and words. In the book The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, theRead MoreTheme Of Eyes In The Great Gatsby864 Words   |  4 Pagesfamiliar can present itself as completely different. The nine chapter, American classic The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald has meaningful motifs, themes, and various writing techn iques used to express Fitzgerald’s ideas. The book follows Nick Carraway, a young bondsman, who documents the deadly affair between Daisy, who is married to Tom, and Gatsby, a bachelor who lives across from the Buchanans. Gatsby refuses to give Daisy up without a fight, which ultimately leads to his demise. Fitzgerald

Essay on The Role of Religion in Early American Literature

The Role of Religion in Early American Literature 1) The role of religion played a major role in early American literature. Many different authors form a variety of time periods incorporate religious ideas and philosophies into their writings. A few authors from different time periods that did this were Johnathan Edwards, Anne Bradstreet, and Henry David Thoreau. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan. Much like all the other Puritans of her time she examined her conscience daily and that they always felt that they were humbled by Gods creations and powers. One poem in which she expresses her religions ideas and philosophies was Contemplations. This poem was about very religious. In this poem she talks about her admiration of†¦show more content†¦Johnathan Edwards was a very educated man and a religious one as well. He believed in personal perfection. Edwards also became the head of his grandfathers church when he died. Edwards tried to restore Puritan beliefs into the Christians of his time. He wanted to convert them from believers in the Christian religion into people who were genuinely motivated by their religious beliefs. This is why his writings have any sort of religious relevance. Everything that he wrote was meant to be sermon to make believe more in the religion. In Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, he does just that. In this work he uses hell to scare people into believing that if you do something wrong that you will go to hell. This scared the people because most people didnt know better and they really thought hat was a place below the surface of the earth where one wold go spend eternity in a fire pit. He was saying that if you believe and repent you will be saved, but if not then you will burn. The third author, Thoreau, really doesnt discuss religion or popular religion (Christianity) at all. In, Walden he talks nothing of religion or god. It is almost as if he is starting his own religion of free thought and free land. In the introduction it even said that many of his f ollowers were considered decibels. Walden his kind of like his bible. It says how he thinks should be and how if people choose to follow his ideas should think. Although his works are moreShow MoreRelatedEssay Role of Religion in Early American Literature619 Words   |  3 PagesRole of Religion in Early American Literature American Literature, especially of the early settler and colonial period is marked by a deep sense of religion and a stress upon writing about matters related to religion. The development of early American literature thus can be seen to be a reflection of the religious ideals followed by the early settlers and colonists and it became a means of promoting a moral and ethical way of life. Early American literature is filled with an obvious expressionRead More Religion in Colonial America Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesReligion was the foundation of the early Colonial American Puritan writings. Many of the early settlements were comprised of men and women who fled Europe in the face of persecution to come to a new land and worship according to their own will. Their beliefs were stalwartly rooted in the fact that God should be involved with all facets of their lives and constantly worshiped. These Puritans writings focused on their religious foundations related to their exodus from Europe and religions role inRead MoreRomanticism In Henry Wadsworth Longfellows A Palm Of Life825 Words   |  4 PagesAnother method for one to grasp the trend of culture would be through analyzing literature. The continual strife within America produced two sets of quite distinct styles of literature. One was Romanticism, which was practiced by many Transcendentalists, who believed in the positivity of life and emphasized progress. In reaction to a surge in optimism, American Gothic was introduced, plagued with death and horror, emphasizing how there were always negative aspects to life. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’sRead MorePlymouth Plantation By Jonathan Edwards And William Bradford Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pagesingrained into our government bodies and even into our every day culture and tendencies. Religion has made a major impact on American lively hood since the early days of settlement. Due to Americas strong religious ties, religion has been ingrained in our literature, influencing and directing our culture. The writers Jonathan Edwards and William Bradford have had a major influence on American culture through literature in their writings, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God and Of Plymouth Plantation.Read MoreAncient History Gender Stratification Balanced On One Crucial892 Words   |  4 Pagesincreases their value. As the society moves farthe r away from the risk of annihilation, the roles of the females trend towards the domestic sphere where the primitive hunter-gatherer society requires a greater contribution from girls to survive. Gender roles within particular cultures such as the Asian, African, and Native American societies varied depending on the means of garnering sustenance and religions of the periods, but regardless of similarities, each isolated community formed singular opinionsRead MoreExamples Of Hypocrisy In The Adventures Of Huck Finn1542 Words   |  7 PagesHow has man’s inhumanity towards man shaped society? Man’s inhumanity towards man has played a profound role in humans throughout history. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huck Finn is an example of him using satire to reach his readers denouncing slavery and religious hypocrisy giving examples of man’s inhumanity towards man. His main objective in using satire in Huck Finn was to protest the evil practices that were so frequent in the Frontier. By using satire this made it more appealing and enjoyableRead MoreAnalysis : Bless Me, Ultima 1488 Words   |  6 Pagescivilization of the American people as well as the intellectual traditions need to be in connection. There have been a few moments in modern literature on culture and ancient Hispanic culture, that argue and show the need for general indigenous beliefs through interrelations of the sources of life itself. This paper seeks to analyze the poetic coverage of the history of early indigenous culture in Bless Me, Ultima, by showing a detailed comparison of the transitional experiences of early native peopleRead MoreChildhood During Early American Literature1447 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood in early American literature: In the early part of American history literature played a significant role in defining on how America would be shaped and molded. For the Puritans, coming to America provided the opportunity to express their opinions and beliefs. This opportunity was what they had been striving for and finally had the chance to implement. The Puritans took full advantage of this opportunity and utilized literature to provide values and rules to be followed. The literature writtenRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance1209 Words   |  5 Pagesflowering of African-American culture. Although the Harlem Renaissance was concentrated in the Harlem district of New York City, its legacy reverberated throughout the United States and even abroad, to regions with large numbers of former slaves or blacks needing to construct ethnic identities amid a dominant white culture. The primary means of cultural expression during the Harlem Renaissance were literature and poetry, although visual art, drama, and music also playe d a role in the development ofRead MoreMary Rowlandsons Captivity Narrative Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesPuritans played a large role in early American history and society. Most Puritans escaped the tyrannical rule in England to gain religious freedom in America, which helped create an early American society. Not only did the Puritans help form the early American society and religion, they also contributed to the earliest stories and narratives to help create a rich literary history for America. Puritan literature has helped many scholars and readers learn about early American history. One of the most

Non-Audit Services free essay sample

Write a two page, double-spaced summary addressing the question – â€Å"Explain any dangers which may result from auditors providing ‘additional services’ to auditees†? Non-audit services (NAS) may be any services other than audit provided to an audit client by an incumbent auditor. Such services may be referred to in the professional and academic press as management advisory services or consulting, but NAS also includes compliance related services (such as taxation and accounting advice) and assurance related services (such as due diligence and internal audit). Compliance related services are closely linked to the annual financial reporting round. In the engagement of an external financial statement audit, the auditor becomes very familiar with the client’s company, its operation in business, its accounting system, and all aspects of the affairs related to financial scope. Thus, the auditor is a qualified and experienced individual who comes to the auditee as an independent objective outsider, divorced from the day-to-day running of the entity. We will write a custom essay sample on Non-Audit Services or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These factors place the auditor in an ideal position to observe where improvements can be made. The auditor is able to advise the auditee on matters such as strengthening internal control; the development of accounting or other management information systems; and tax, investment and financial planning. Moreover, the auditor is able to provide advice on matters such as how to proceed with a share float, business acquisition or divestment, or liquidation. The provision of these ‘additional services’ by the auditor is very valuable for the auditee. In many cases, it is the presence of these non-audit services which makes the audit an economical package from management’s point of view. The auditor may loss their independence when providing non-audit services to their clients. Providing management advisory services or the pressure to sell the non-audit services to the client may cause an auditor consciously or subconsciously to subordinate his or her judgment to a client’s desires. Also, as non-audit services have grown, concern has been expressed that managements of audit firms may have tended to focus more on them than on auditing. Indeed, by the early years of the 21st century, fees paid by audit clients to their auditors for non-audit services had grown to such an extent that, in many instances, they exceeded the audit fee by a very significant margin. This led to concerns that the provision of such services to auditees had resulted in auditors compromising their independence; in order to avoid upsetting the ntity’s management and consequently losing lucrative non-audit work, auditors had not been sufficiently critical when performing their auditing duties. In the Enron case, it has been widely reported that Andersen received $25m in audit fees and $27m for non-audit services. There have been many criticisms about the potential conflict of interest faced by audit firms who receive large consultancy fees from their audit clients. Concerns are expressed about how an auditor with a statutory responsibility to company shareholders can handle a commercial relationship with the company’s management and remain impartial. The professional auditor must always be alert for opportunities to be of service to his or her client while at the same time discharging conscientiously his or her responsibilities to the users of the audited financial statements.

Factors Affecting Health Care Costs Essay Example

Factors Affecting Health Care Costs Paper Rising health care costs has been a topic for many years, despite all the discussions, costs continue to rise. Here are some of the factors which could affect the rise of health care costs. 1) Health insurance industry – Insurance has grown and has had a great impact on health care costs. As is commonly known, private insurance has not provided sufficient coverage for medical care, particularly in such settings as the home, partial hospitalization, and psychiatric rehabilitation programs. 2) Advances in medical car technology – expensive technologies may not be always applicable to medical care. However, patients are compelled to avail of these technologies because they have this mind set that these technologies provide better and assured service, whatever the cost may be. Of course, state of the art facilities like these are most of the time very expensive. We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Affecting Health Care Costs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Affecting Health Care Costs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Affecting Health Care Costs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 3) Changes in US demographics – the number of births and deaths, especially the aging population has a great impact on increasing healthcare costs. Elderly patients, who are admitted, have complex discharge problems that often result in a longer length of stay than is typically required, even though their length of stay is decreasing due to pressures to discharge quickly. Moreover, their conditions are more likely to be more complicated thus making their healthcare costs even higher. 4) Government support for healthcare – the government has a vital role in helping reduce the increasing healthcare costs today. Especially in the high costs of pharmaceuticals for example; since patients have to take long term medications and many of these are expensive. Pharmaceutical companies argue that the cost of medications is due to high research and development costs. The government should then do their part to compensate the other finances of medicine to these companies to make it cost reasonably in the market. Professional fees of physicians could also be applied here as well. 5) Consumer expectations – with too much expectation, consumers tend to have discontent on certain medical services thus make them seek for 2nd opinion. These actions make them spend twice and even thrice the cost of the medical services. Discontent on immediate recoveries also applies here (Finkelman, 1997). Reference: Finkelman, A. W. (1997). Psychiatric Home Care. Gaithersburg, Maryland: Jones Bartlett Publishers.

Free Essays on Organizational Culture

ABSTRACT Even though behavior, values, and events are often attributed to organizational culture, there has been little agreement as to what it is. This paper outlines the culture of a medium sized business, specifically examining personalities and circumstances in one troublesome department. All data were obtained by the author during an extended period of communication and interaction with the organization's members. This paper redacts three compelling models from the corpus of literature on organizational culture into a multilaterally comprehensible summary of organizational culture. Using the composite definition, discussion returns to the previously mentioned company and demonstrates the ability of the models to reconcile theory to reality. INTRODUCTION The company began as the dream of a husband and wife who wanted to do something exciting and needed to make a living. When they founded their shampoo distribution company in 1971, the husband served as president, salesperson, and warehouse employee, while the wife was the vice president, bookkeeper, secretary, treasurer, and auxiliary warehouse employee. The president's father was the delivery person, and the vice president's mother assisted with the bookkeeping. These two young, naive, entrepreneurs, learning each new step as they went along, sought to establish a name for their product, Kesher hair and skin care products, and their company, PJR, Inc. Some of the original and fundamental values which the husband and wife team determined PJR would embody were commitments to customer service, keeping the image of the Kesher line professional, and employing responsible, success-minded people. As the famous phrase coined by Winston Churchill states, the founders worked "with blood, swea t, toil, and tears" to make the company thrive. Eventually, success was a fact, and PJR's warehouse and office became overcrowded. In 1982, PJR moved to itsthen spaciouspresent locati... Free Essays on Organizational Culture Free Essays on Organizational Culture ABSTRACT Even though behavior, values, and events are often attributed to organizational culture, there has been little agreement as to what it is. This paper outlines the culture of a medium sized business, specifically examining personalities and circumstances in one troublesome department. All data were obtained by the author during an extended period of communication and interaction with the organization's members. This paper redacts three compelling models from the corpus of literature on organizational culture into a multilaterally comprehensible summary of organizational culture. Using the composite definition, discussion returns to the previously mentioned company and demonstrates the ability of the models to reconcile theory to reality. INTRODUCTION The company began as the dream of a husband and wife who wanted to do something exciting and needed to make a living. When they founded their shampoo distribution company in 1971, the husband served as president, salesperson, and warehouse employee, while the wife was the vice president, bookkeeper, secretary, treasurer, and auxiliary warehouse employee. The president's father was the delivery person, and the vice president's mother assisted with the bookkeeping. These two young, naive, entrepreneurs, learning each new step as they went along, sought to establish a name for their product, Kesher hair and skin care products, and their company, PJR, Inc. Some of the original and fundamental values which the husband and wife team determined PJR would embody were commitments to customer service, keeping the image of the Kesher line professional, and employing responsible, success-minded people. As the famous phrase coined by Winston Churchill states, the founders worked "with blood, swea t, toil, and tears" to make the company thrive. Eventually, success was a fact, and PJR's warehouse and office became overcrowded. In 1982, PJR moved to itsthen spaciouspresent locati...

Public Healthcare Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Public Healthcare Campaign - Essay Example The need to terminate obesity within the American society is the justification for the Task Force on Childhood Obesity that was createdby President Barack Obama. The task force is aimed at reducing the rate of childhood obesity to 5%. The state of Virginia has demonstrated active initiatives for the prevention of obesity through health promotions rather than short time fixes that may fail over time (Mehta & Chang, 2011). Among the activities of the task force is to promote healthy eating among young people and counseling them. The overweight and obesity rates tripled between 1990 and 2004 with more than 30% of adolescents in the state fated for obesity (Thompson, 2010). This is the major motivation for the need of the state to improve the health of children and adolescents. Nonetheless, the initiatives for the prevention of obesity would be predictably expensive. This part of the paper gives a critical analysis and discussion of the target population of the obesity prevention initiat ive, response, leadership roles, economic factors, and the role of social marketing in ensuring that the initiative is successful in meeting its objectives and goals. At the national level, the Let’s Move Campaign against obesity targets parents, children, mayors, governors, educators, food manufacturers, and school nutritional leaders. These groups make up the population that the national campaign of childhood obesity targets. Nonetheless, the target population is likely to differ within the state of Virginia as compared to the national population that the campaign targets (Mehta & Chang, 2011). The definition of the role of each of the groups who play a role in the prevention of obesity varies from state to state and nationally. The role by the target population varies in definition because of the differences in the levels of obesity between various states (Ambinder, 2010). The main goal of the Let’s Move campaign is to end childhood obesity, whichis describedas a na tional epidemic. However, the initiatives implementedin each of the states would vary, depending on the seriousness of the problem, its prevalence, and mortality rates. Additionally, the initiatives that each state uses to combat obesity depend on the level of the problem within the state and the views of the leaders of that state. Even though there are many interpretations within each state, most have moved from short term approaches of solving the problem of obesity to long- term programs to end obesity. The objective of the Let’s Move Campaign could be defined differently within the state of Virginia. This is because the state has unique bills introduced by the House and Senate that define the approaches used to prevent the incidence of obesity among young people. Additionally, the Let’s Move campaign would be aided by the various school and community programs, which are designedto solve the problem of obesity (Estabrooks, Fisher & Hayman, 2008). The approaches of t hese programs would be different even if they are drivena common goal. It is in this regard that it would be said that the role of the various stakeholders in childhood obesity prevention would be defined differently between the national level and within the state of Virginia. Furthermore, the food manufacturers within the state

Education in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Education in China - Essay Example And because of the rapidly growing economic sector and global presence of China, it is imperative to understand how the education system works in the country. This essay discusses education in China and the similarities and differences between the Chinese and American education system. Education in China is categorised into elementary school, middle school, and high school. Similar to the United States, twelve years are spent in elementary school and high school, though in China, it is divided quite differently. In China, six years are spent in elementary school, then three years in middle school, and three years in high school, with the initial nine years spent in compulsory education (Peterson, Hayhoe, and Lu 22). One should successfully pass a competitive exam in order to be admitted into high school. High school is offering vocational education and general education. Parents pay for their children’s high school education, and scholarships are granted to those from low-inco me families. High school students are required to stay in school from 8:00 am to 5:15 pm. Generally, a particular school in every city is authorised to offer special education for pupils with impairments (Wang 73). Home schooling is not practised in China, not like in the United States. There are hardly any non-academic extracurricular and sports activities. Nevertheless, numerous students take part in after-school activities to review for examinations, particularly for university admission exams, which they can take once, not like the ACT and SAT Reasoning Test which can be taken several times in the U.S. (Liu 62). In China, a large number of students in elementary school are taught mathematics by a professional math teacher. The math teacher is also allowed to teach Chinese literacy in grades 1 and 2. In several areas, math teachers may also teach science, but science is not a major subject in the elementary school curriculum (Peterson et al. 44). In schools in far-flung or rural places, elementary teachers are also allowed to teach all subject areas, just like in the United States. However, math teachers in elementary schools are usual in China and less usual in the U.S. Moreover, Chinese pupils use a single classroom for their primary classes whilst in the United States students use different rooms for different subjects or classes (Guo and Lamb 75). The major difference between the education system of China and the U.S. is that in the former, the system in general is far stricter with more rules and in the latter there are considerably fewer limitations and greater freedom (Liu 38). For instance, a pupil having the liberty to choose his/her own classes is not common in China. Every class that a student in China should take is fixed. According to Peterson and colleagues, this lack of freedom in China may be attributed to the huge population of students and giving every student the freedom to choose his/her own classes is clearly problematic. Another import ant difference between the Chinese and American education system is the notion of head teacher. The head teacher in China performs an extra responsibility in overseeing their particular classes, providing instruction, and knowing and communicating with the students and their families. The Chinese head teacher will not merely teach his/her particular class that

Management Essay Example for Free

Management Essay 1) What forces for change are evident at the Oconomo plant? (5) The forces for change that are evident at the Oconomo plant are the callenges dealing with high labor cost. As a result Lamprey is deciding to lower wages from $16 to $1.60 per hour. Also the union and Oconomo are disagreeing with this new change taking place with the wages. 2) Which of the forces in force-field analysis do you think would be more powerful than the other in this situation? Between the two forces I think the Driving Force would be more powerful than the other in this situation. The greatest force that drives the company to expect change is that it’s operating at a high cost and instead of giving returns it’s giving out loses. As a result, the aim of the company is to make changes so that it can appreciate profits in the future. In additional to there being high cost the thing that needs to be understood is that in order for the company to meet its operations it must realize some of the returns from what it has invested. Having invested in the company the managers and shareholders should expect that the company is going to provide sufficient returns which will be shared and at the same time enable the company to stay in the market. There also exist the risks of the competitors who are in the market currently. For the company to make it in the market, it must change its working conditions so that they fit with the current market situation. Another problem is the workers point of refusing to cooperate. The company is planning to reduce the amount of pay it’s going to provide to its workers with a significant drop. This is a great problem which workers are not ready to accept the desired change of the company. Another force for change is that competitors are in the market and of late they have threatened the company from the services and products that they are providing to the society. Quality is one thing that the company should look at so as to retain its market segment else the upcoming companies will outperform the company. 3) What is the primary type of change needed – changing â€Å"things† or changing the â€Å"people and culture†? The primary change that is appropriate at the moment is changing the people and their culture. The reason as to why changing people and culture is of importance to the company is that having changed people all other things will work accordingly. People’s culture is of importance in the way the company operates simply because if the culture or people fit in the objectives of the company then all other things will be in place. People are the main target of any given business set up. This means that in changing anything that is in respect to the company’s operations then the people and their culture is the initial thing that should be taken into consideration. Another thing is that having changed people’s perception competitors will have no say because you would have drove the attentions of the market to your operations. 4) What do you think is the underlying cause of the union leaders’ resistance to change? Union leaders are resistant to change due to a single reason which the company is reluctant to handle. The reason as to the resistance is that Oconomo plant has plans to provide workers with less wages which they feel they cant live within that budget. Looking at some companies which are emerging, union leaders are not ready to accept the change simply because those companies are giving out wages which are high and the quality of services and products that they have is almost outdoing the one Oconomo plant is providing. Jim has a hard time of convincing union leaders on what should be done. What he is supposed to do is to give union leaders the risk behind getting a new job if they lose the one they have. There are so many people in the town who are looking for job. Also, he should convince them to work as the negotiation is being carried out for a better change. There are benefits that workers get from the company and if they resign, such as medical and insurance benefits, then they will no longer get until they get another job.

Communication in The Global Village Essay -- Technology Globalization

The world that we understand is rapidly becoming a much smaller entity. Technology is rapidly bringing us to places we have never been before. Thanks to widespread globalization, and the explosive growth and use of the internet, people are uniting and communicating in ways never dreamed two decades past. While more developed countries are taking advantage of this new global village, less developed countries helplessly stay in their idle life rafts as the sharks of these new virtual communities circle round. In the dawn of time communication started with mediums such as facial expressions, groaning, and sometimes just whacking a member of your community in the head. Communications simplest form is essentially dying with the construction and use of this web of interweaving technology known as the internet. Unlike forms of communication of days long past , not everyone can get involved in this World Wide Web. The internet is a community that uses a simple non intentional form of segregation that limits the use of the internet to people who live in countries that have the ability to set up these online villages. The makings of this new virtual revolution is essentially separating people. In the article Social Policy for Cyberspace, Dale Spender argues how people are being rapidly separated into two groups: the Master Minds and those that are being kept in the dark. She also explains how the People in the real world are being divided up into the information-rich and the poor. (Spender, Composing Cyberspace, p 266.) Basically the people with access to a global village are moving forward and the people in underdeveloped countries are lying stagnant. Like myself, Spender believes strongly in the well being of Third World countri... ...ciety demands a world that must rapidly change and make life easier we will strive to achieve that level no matter what the task. Eventually everyone on this earth will be able to connect to create the ultimate utopian global village, but until then we must look to countries less fortunate than us and continue to try and industrialize them to bring them up to our cyber caliber before they are forgotten. Priority needs to be given to research and policies that actually examine and deal with the impact that the new technologies are having on human beings, globally, nationally and locally. (Spender, Composing Cyberspace, p 269.) Works Cited Holten, Richard. Composing Cyberspace: Identity, community, and knowledge, in the electronic age. United States: Mcgraw-hill companies inc. 1998. Spender, Dale. Composing Cyberspace; Social Policy for cyberspace. P. 266

Pennsylvania School Essay

It is my fervent wish to attend the prestigious University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine primarily because of the instant respect that a graduate of this 128 year old institution commands and also because I share the university and I share the same mission objectives and beliefs. I firmly believe that my goal of becoming and exceptional citizen who strives to offer the best available, affordable and even free dental services to those in need will be lent a guiding hand by the university. This is because just like the university, I believe that dentistry is a lifelong commitment that requires a lifetime of learning and discipline that will help me achieve my objective of providing a necessary dental care to the people who need it the most regardless of their status in life and financial capability. Achieving this will be possible for me because Penn Dental Medicine encourages their students to undertake dental researches and education that most often thrusts their students into the center of innovative and improved dental care methods. It is my hope that I will be given the chance to join the roster of students of Penn Dental Medicine who have gone on to become leaders in their chosen areas of dental specialization by attending regular classes in the atmosphere of the school that is conducive to students like me who strive for constant learning. Since Penn Dental Medicine encourages free expression, reasoned discourse, and diversity of ideas, I believe that I can only blossom and reach my full intellectual potential while attending this university because I will be allowed to explore my full potential not only as dental student and future dentist, but also as an individual whose rights are respected by the university as well.

Could Stem Cell Injections Heal Muscles - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1520 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/06/26 Category Biology Essay Level High school Tags: Stem Cell Essay Did you like this example? In this paper I will mainly focus on the effects of stem cell injections on skeletal muscle injures in mice, this is because those types of muscle injuries are extremely common. Skeletal muscle is a highly specialized tissue made up of non-dividing, multi-nucleated muscle fibers, which contract to generate force in a controlled and controlled manner,which account for up to half the mass of the human body. However, effective muscle function is both mechanically and energetically demanding, making this tissue particularly susceptible to damage. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Could Stem Cell Injections Heal Muscles?" essay for you Create order Such muscle damage may reduce mobility and contribute to metabolic. Skeletal muscle has a strong innate tissue damage repair capability. Despite the proficiency of this intrinsic repair capability, severe injuries resulting in a significant loss of muscle tissue overwhelm the innate repair process and require intervention in order to restore muscle function. Natural muscle damage repair is a step wise process requiring the coordinated activity of a number of cell types involving three healing steps: degeneration and inflammation, regeneration and fibrosis. There is a phase of myofiber degeneration immediately after injury that is initiated by the release of proteases into the tissue stroma; these proteases automatically digest myofibers and thereby release tissue debris along the injury zone. In addition, macrophages stimulate the paracrine release by T cells of cytokines and other chemotactic factors that can recruit progenitor and satellite cells with muscle regeneration capacity locally. While the degeneration phase is transient, the subsequent regeneration phase of myofibers is the first step in the long-term pattern of skeletal muscle injury. This phase may begin as early as 24 hours after injury, as evidenced by the cytokine-mediated induction of local satellite cells that previously lie dormant between the basal lamina and sarcolemma; however, the complete formation of new, centronucleated myofibers cannot be detected histologically until at least 3 5 days after injury. It is likely that the differentiation of satellite cells into myotubules and myofibers is a crucial event in the regeneration phase. To date, these progenitor cells are perhaps the best characterized and are often referred to as muscle stem cells because they favor myogenic lines. Fibrous tissue prevents the full recovery of the muscle and current therapies fail to achieve total recovery of the muscle. Gene and (or both) cell therapy are potential future treatments for serious muscle injuries. The properties of stem cells related to growth factors and /or cytokines can improve muscle healing and allow for long term recovery. Perhaps the biggest limitation for patients resulting from skeletal muscle injury pathophysiology is the formation of a dense fibrotic scar tissue. Clearly, fibrosis is caused by a deleterious increase in the cytokine growth factor (TGF)-B1 following injury. MDSCs and other myogenic cells differentiate into myofibroblasts, which produce collagen type I, the main component of fibrotic tissue, in the presence of this cytokine. Fibrosis can ultimately prevent patients from returning to their basic function, partly by preventing the formation of new axons towards myofibers, and contributes to a decrease in muscle contractility and range of movement. It is a known fact that as we get older, our cells gradually lose the ability to heal themselves and injury can cause muscle loss due to a process called muscular atrophy, which is where regenerative medicine takes place. Like stem cell injections, which fall under the category of stem cell therapy to treat or prevent a disease or condition by using stem cells. Stem cells are capable of differentiating into specific types of cells. The two defining features of a stem cell are perpetual s elf-regeneration and the ability to differentiate into a specialized type of adult cell. There are two main classes of stem cells: pluripotent cells that can become any cell in the adult body and multipotent cells that are limited to a smaller cell population. In the case of muscle damage, the cells that have been used most frequently in pre-clinical trials are muscle satellite cells (MSCs). MSCs have the ability to renew and differentiate into multiple lineages of connective tissue, including bone, fat, cartilage, tendon, muscle, and bone marrow stromal cells. Stem cell injections has proven to be successful in injured/aging mice but do to some challenges this form of therapy has not move forward to clinical trials, but results may forecast a promising future for regenerative medicine Research The research I found was limited to animal models and majority of the studies were performed in laboratory experiments on mice. For example, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a molecular matrix, a hydrogel, to deliver muscle satellite cells (MSCs) directly to damage muscle tissue in patients whose muscles do not regenerate well. The hydrogel was successfully in delivering MuSCs to injured, aged muscle tissue in mice and boosted the healing process while protecting the stem cells from harsh immune reactions. CS In Addition, the same method was also s uccessful in mice with a muscle tissue deficiency that matched Duchene muscular dystrophy, and if research progresses, the new hydrogel therapy could one day save the lives of people suffering from the disease. Researchers at the University of Colorado in Boulder and the University of Washington also discovered that stem cells injected into the muscles of the mouse led to an increase for the rest of the mouses life. The injuries not only healed, but muscle mass increased by 50 percent and muscle volume increased by 170 percent. For some reason, the stem cells did not simply multiply and replace old damaged cells. They formed new connections to myofibers and increased significantly in numbers within the muscle. In other words, whatever the transplanted stem cells did, it was much more than just repairing damage and normalizing things. Issues with Research When it comes to stem cell injections moving into clinical trials there are a few challenges that need to be faced for that to happen. For example our immune system, researchers at the Georgia institute for technology found that simply injecting additional muscle satellite cells into damaged, inflamed tissue was inefficient because the new cells enter the body when the immune system on the warpath. And like any muscle injury or disease its going to attract the immune system and where as in any other case this would be a good thing, in the case o f aged or dystrophic muscles it is not. This is because in this case the immune system release toxins that kill the stem cells off, in fact when tested the found that between and 1 and 20 percent of the injected MSCs actually made it to the targeted site and those that did were weakened. Which is why they developed a solution to coat the cells in , a hydrogel often start out as water-based solutions of molecular components that resemble crosses, and other components that make the ends of the crosses attach to each other. When the components come together, they fuse into molecular nets suspended in water, resulting in a material with the consistency of a gel. If stem cells or a drug are mixed into the solution, when the net, or matrix, forms, it ensnares the treatment for delivery and protects the payload from death or dissipation in the body. Whereas researchers at the University of Colorado at Boulder and the University of Washington ran into a different issue/ concern. The mice used in this experiment injuries were inflicted directly using barium chloride injections and its made the question if that was a natural injury or muscle loss due to a disease would the stem cell reaction be similar. And they also questioned if age at the time of injury/ treatment played a major role in the effects since they used mice that were about 3 months in age for the treatment and as donors. Sine the muscles in mice are very small so its unclear on how well the cells would migrate in the larger muscles of humans. Si milarities Mouse models are regarded as the most advanced and practical models used as an alternative to genetic research in humans. Ethical concerns in many cases prevent scientists from using human subjects and embryos to test stem cell therapies that could be used for future use. In such cases, it can be extremely useful that an impressive 99 percent of the genes belonging to mouse DNA match the corresponding human counterpart gene sequences. In this way, scientists can use embryonic and adult stem cells from mice and conduct their research unhindered while also gaining important insights into the potentially practical adaptation of research to clinical trials in humans. Mouse studies make stem cell research more bright than ever before. Many of the past few achievements and advances in embryonic stem cell research have been achieved using ES cells grown from different mouse models. Since embryonic cells can play a role in virtually any other cell type, mouse ES cells have already been used to develop and study different mouse tissue samples closely resembling human tissue and to evaluate their reaction to certain treatments and stimuli. The genetic manipulation of ES cells in the mouse and the addition of human genetic material are also at the forefront of e mbryonic stem cell research.